Purpose of Deductive Reasoning

deductive Reasoning & Decision Making
Chapter 12

Complex Cognitive Tasks
Deductive reasoning and decision making atomic number 18 complex cognitive tasks that are part of the thinking process. Thinking Problem understand Deductive Reasoning Decision Making

Deductive Reasoning

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Deductive Reasoning
Is a process of thinking in a logical way, where ratiocination are drawn from the information given, for example: if there are clouds in the sky
Information

thus it will rain.
Conclusion

Deductive Reasoning
There are two kinds of deductive reasoning: 1. conditional Reasoning 2. Syllogisms

Conditional Reasoning
Conditional reasoning (or propositional reasoning), tells us about the relationship in the midst of conditions. Conditional reasoning consists of true if so statements, used to deduce a true conclusion. Though the premises may be true the conclusions can be valid or invalid.

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Valid Conclusion
If a student is in cognitive psychology, Then she must vex spotless her superior general psychology requirements. Jenna is in cognitive psychology class
set forth Conclusion Observation

So Jenna must have completed her general psychology requirements.

Valid Conclusion
If a student is in cognitive psychology, Then she must have completed her general psychology requirements.



David has NOT completed his general psychology requirements.
Premises Conclusion Observation

So David must NOT be in cognitive psychology class.

Valid Conclusions
Affirming If p is true and soce q is true the p is true antecedent q is true
Modus ponens Valid

If Newton was a scientist, then he was a person Newton was a scientist Newton was a person If p is true then q is true Denying the q is not true consequent p must be not true Modus tollens

Valid

If an officer is a general, then he was a captain. Gerald is NOT a captain, So he NOT a general.

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Invalid Conclusions
Affirming If p is true then q is true the q is true consequent p is true Invalid

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